Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a non-secreted proinflammatory cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages, as well as neutrophils, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. It possesses metabolic, physiological, haematopoietic activities, and plays one of the central roles in the regulation of the immune responses. Both IL-1α and IL-1β binds to the same receptor and has similar but not identical biological properties; The mature human IL1β shares 96 % amino acid sequence identity with rhesus and 67 % -78 % with canine, mouse and rat IL-1β.